We call a mineral a gemstone when it is considered rare and extraordinarily beautiful (for instance diamond, emerald, ruby, and sapphire). Color, hardness, crystal shape, specific gravity, luster, fracture, and tenacity are among the characteristics that distinguish minerals. Minerals are inorganic substances with specific chemical compositions and crystalline structures that occur naturally in the Earth’s crust. Mineral vs Non-Mineral Gemstones:Īlthough most gemstones are minerals, there are a few that aren’t. Physical qualities such as specific gravity, hardness, cleavage type, and breakage of the material without separation of the parts are also used to classify gemstones. Optical features such as luster, luminescence or low-temperature light emission, dispersion of light which is the separation of distinct wavelengths of light, refractive index and absorption spectrum are all characteristics of gems. Sedimentary formation refers to when gems are formed by water depositing sediments such as Malachite, Azurite, and Opal. Metamorphic, as the name implies, these are gems that have morphed as a result of intense heat and pressure such as Sapphire, Ruby, Spinel, and Garnet. Hydrothermal refers to the formation of gemstones when bodies of mineral-rich water cool, similar to how rock candy is formed. Igneous rare minerals or gemstones are formed deep within the earth such as Diamonds, Ruby, Sapphire, and Peridot. In general, gemstones can form in one of four ways which are as below: ![]() The most desired gemstones are those with clear, medium-tone, vivid, and saturated primary hues. Most gemstones are unattractive in their natural condition, like ordinary rocks or pebbles, but with expert cutting and polishing, the entire color and shine are revealed. Although the majority of gemstones are hard, some are too soft or fragile to be used in jewelry, thus they are frequently shown in museums and sought after by collectors. Minerals, rocks, and biological materials that have been chosen for their beauty, durability, and rarity and then cut, faceted, and polished to create jewelry or other human adornments are known as gemstones.
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